Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: enlarging genus Homo. we compare approximately 90 kb of coding DNA nucleotide sequence from 97 human genes to their sequenced chimpanzee counterparts and to available sequenced gorilla, orangutan, and Old World monkey counterparts, and, on a more limited basis, to mouse. The nonsynonymous changes (functionally important), like synonymous changes (functionally much less important), show chimpanzees and humans to be most closely related, sharing 99.4% identity at nonsynonymous sites and 98.4% at synonymous sites. On a time scale, the coding DNA divergencies separate the human-chimpanzee clade from the gorilla clade at between 6 and 7 million years ago and place the most recent common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees at between 5 and 6 million years ago. The evolutionary rate of coding DNA in the catarrhine clade (Old World monkey and ape, including human) is much slower than in the lineage to mouse. Among the genes examined, 30 show evidence of positive selection during descent of catarrhines. Nonsynonymous substitutions by themselves, in this subset of positively selected genes, group humans and chimpanzees closest to each other and have chimpanzees diverge about as much from the common human-chimpanzee ancestor as humans do. This functional DNA evidence supports two previously offered taxonomic proposals: family Hominidae should include all extant apes; and genus Homo should include three extant species and two subgenera, Homo (Homo) sapiens (humankind), Homo (Pan) troglodytes (common chimpanzee), and Homo (Pan) paniscus (bonobo chimpanzee).
the enzymes joins to synthesize anew DNA
Explanation:
because each new DNA molecules is made of one good original new strand
<span>Most people's urine is darker in the morning as the kidneys work hard during the night to remove impurities and the urine is more concentrated.</span>
Pretty sure it would be the nerves attatched to the heart valve
Answer:
Option (2) and (3).
Explanation:
Cancer is the uncontrolled division of the cell that might results in the loss of apoptosis in the cells. The cancer cell shows the property like angiogenesis and loss of contact inhibition.
Both the hereditary factors like mutations in some gene and environmental factors like any mutagen may inhibit the process of the cell division. Both these factors mainly inhibits the gene that are responsible for the regulation of the cell cycle like p53, Rb.
Thus, the correct answer is option (2) and (3).
