ANSWER
-2 shift the graph of the basic function down by 2 units.
EXPLANATION
The given cosine function is:

This equation can be rewritten as:

We compare this to

The effect d has on the graph is that, it shifts the graph up by d units.
If d is negative the graph shifts down by d units.
Since d=-2, the graph will shift down by 2 units.
Answer:
less than, this is scaling dude
Step-by-step explanation:
Dana wants to find the sum
3 4 6
4 2 1
+1 5 2
________
We will not regroup this ones place because the sum of the digits in the ones place is not up to. It's just 6+1+2 = 9.
Therefore, 13a) No.
There is no regrouped tens to add, so we would not able to regroup the ones place.
Therefore, 13b) No.
We regroup the tens place because the sum of the digits in the ones place is upto to 10.
And 13c) Yes.
We add the regrouped hundred as we regrouped the ones place.
Therefore,
13 D) Yes.
I think the answer would be three because if you multiply all of the numbers together you get 30.