Explanation:
The large size of a egg makes it difficult for the female to retain more than a single one egg at a time - carrying eggs would make flying harder and require more energy. (Bird eggs vary in size from the tiny 0.2 gramme eggs of hummingbirds to the enormous 9 kilogram eggs of the extinct elephant bird.)
Just as an aircraft cannot fly if it is overweight, all female birds must dispense with the fertile egg as soon as it is formed. And because the egg is such a protein-rich high-nuitrition prize to all sorts of predators, birds must find a secure place to hatch their eggs. Although birds' eggs appear to be fragile, they are in fact extremely robust. The oval shape applies the same rules of engineering as an arched bridge; the convex surface can withstand considerable pressure without breaking. This is essential if the egg is not to crack under the weight of the sitting bird. It takes 26 pounds of pressure to break a swan's egg and 120 pounds to smash the egg of an ostrich.
Answer:
- GLYCOLYSIS :- Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C₆H₁₂O₆, into pyruvic acid, CH₃COCOOH. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- PRODUCTS :- Glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate molecules: Glycolysis, or the aerobic catabolic breakdown of glucose, produces energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and pyruvate, which itself enters the citric acid cycle to produce more energy.
- INPUT:- Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration, occurring in all living cells. Overall, the input for glycolysis is one glucose, two ATP and two NAD+ molecules giving rise to two pyruvate molecules, four ATP and two NADH.
- BREAKDOWN:- During glycolysis, glucose ultimately breaks down into pyruvate and energy; a total of 2 ATP is derived in the process (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O). The hydroxyl groups allow for phosphorylation. The specific form of glucose used in glycolysis is glucose 6-phosphate
- STAGES:-
- Reaction 1: glucose phosphorylation to glucose 6-phosphate.
- Reaction 2: isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate
- Reaction 3: phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
- Reaction 4: cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two three-carbon fragments.
Explanation:
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In areas where the walls are frequently washed, conduit should be mounted with a 1/4 inch air space between the wall and the conduit.
Conduits are the structures that are hollow and cylindrical like a pipe, channel or tube through which any material can pass. The material can be electrical wires, gases or even water. Therefore, the functions of conduits is to mediate the transport of materials from one place to another.
These conduits can be rigid or flexible depending upon their use and the material to be transported. Care should be taken when these conduits are embedded inside the wall that they are not very close and in contact with the wall otherwise the conduits may get damaged.
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Transport of a substance from the lumen (cavity) of an organ into one side of a cell and out the other side of the cell into the extracellular fluid is called <u>transcellular transport</u>.
The two routes of transport of substances across the epithelium of the gut are by transcellular method and paracellular method.
Transcellular transport refers to the transport of solutes across a epithelial cell layer through the cells. The best example is the movement of glucose from the intestinal lumen to the extracellular fluid by the epithelial cells. The epithelial cells use the active transport to generate the transcellular transport. Active transport refers to the transport of substances from a region of its lower concentration to a region of its higher concentration against the concentration gradient using cellular energy.
Answer:
Life cycle of a moss
Explanation:
LIFE CYCLE OF A MOSS FROM MATURED SPOROPHYTE STAGE
An embryo further develops into a pear-shaped sporangium, which is the *sporophyte stage of the plant*. The sporangium contains spore sacs, each of which is the spore mother cell that undergoes meiotic division to form four spores,The spores are released and germination
takes place giving rise to a protonema, which develops into a new gametophyte plant. The gametophyte generation or haploid phase of the moss is from the production of haploid spores after meiosis to the period just before fusion of the haploid antherizoid or haploid ovum. The sporophyte generation or diploid phase is from the diploid mother cells just before meiosis.
Examples of moss plants include Funaria hygrometrica, Polytrichum commune, Barbuda Indica.
