The answer is abiotic factors because moisture, oxygen, carbon dioxide, light, and minerals are non living, so they are abiotic since they are non living.
2 covalent bonds
Explanation:
A molecule of water has two covalent bonds in it. Each attaching one oxygen to the central hydrogen atom.
O --- H ----- O
- A covalent bond is a bond type formed between non-metals.
- It involves the sharing of electrons between two chemical species to attain stability.
- Most times the electronegativity difference between the two atoms are usually low and close to zero.
- The central hydrogen atom shares electrons with both oxygen.
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Geologists can often match up rock layers over distances.
Charles Darwin; he studied the different beak shapes/sizes of Galapagos finches and found that over time, they changed due to their needs for the food found around them (evolution).
Answer:
The correct answer is -
a. Protonation of the substrate.
b. Deprotonation of the amino acids in the enzyme active site.
c. Change in tertiary structure in extreme conditions.
Explanation:
During an enzyme assay, suboptimal pH is changed and affect the Vmax to decrease and this could take place due to various reasons such as-
A) protonation of the substrate - Upon protonating or adding a proton or hydrogen cation to a substrate atom, the mass and the charge of the species each increase by one unit which make a conjugate acid.
B) Deprotonation of the amino acids in the enzyme’s active site -Changing the pH will affect the charges on the amino acid molecules.
C) Denaturation of the protein’s tertiary structure- Tertiary structure of the protein is basically a backbone of peptide chain with one or more secondary domains of proteins that increasing the pH or decreasing the pH get denature.
Thus, the correct answer is : option A, B, C.
