Answer:
(B) Energy released from the chemical reaction is used to directly phosphorylate ADP.
(D) Energy released from the chemical reaction is used to directly reduce NAD+
Explanation: 
phosphorylation is a addition of phosphoryl group to an organic compound.Substrate level phosphorylation is a process where there is ATP is produced from ADP by transferring a high energy phosphate group from phosphorylated metabolic compound.This process occurs in glycolysis and citric acid cycle.and this pathway is exergonic pathway
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer: CONDITIONS FOR HARDY
No mutations should appear in the beetle population because new alleles would change the allele frequencies 
There should be random mating among beetles 
There should be no natural selection on the beetle population 
The population of beetles must be large enough so that genetic drift is avoided 
There should be no migration of beetles into or out of the population.
CONDITIONS FOR EVOLUTION- 
Natural selection favors green beetles 
Purple mutants appear among the Beatles
Preferred mates are red, so these individuals reproduce
Large numbers of brown beetles were killed in a forest fire 
A significant number of yellow beetles left. 
Explanation: I only added about half the sentence of each answer because it’s to long. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer: Global Climate Change. comes from precipitation. Too little precipitation can result in dry soil, shallow streams, and shortages of municipal water supplies. However, too much precipitation can also have a negative impact on human activities, business and industry, agriculture, and the environment. As moist air is forced up the windward slope it expands and cools, eventually causing water droplets to condense when the air is saturated. These droplets form clouds and grow to produce rain or snow that typically falls out on the windward side of the range. ... As air approaches the topography, it slows down.
Explanation: