The 1829 Metropolitan Police Act created a modern police force by limiting the purview of the force and its powers, and envisioning it as merely an organ of the judicial system. Their job was apolitical, to maintain the peace and apprehend criminals for the courts to process according to the laws..
Lenin's New Economic Policy allowed some of the "Agricultural collectives" to reappear in the Russian economy, since it was clear farmers needed some sort of incentive to produce more.
Pasteurization is a process where certain packaged or non-packaged food such as milk or fruit are treated with mild heat. The goal of this process is to eliminate pathogens ( infectious agent or germ) and to extend the product's shelf life.
The inventor of pasteurization was the French scientist<em> Luis Pasteur</em>. In his research he demonstrated that thermal treatment would inactivate unwanted microorganisms in wine.
Vaccination is the application of antigenic material (vaccine) to stimulate the body's immune system and to develop an immunity to a pathogen (germ).
Smallpox was the first ever disease for which a vaccine was developed. It was invented in 1976 by the English physician<em> Edward Jenner.</em> Jenner was the first person to publish evidence that the vaccine was effective. The name vaccination derives from Latin<em> vacca </em>(cow), because it was derived from a virus affecting cows.
Oh ships and they were also chained down so they couldn't run away.