The pKa represents the pH of the medium at which the zwitterionic amino acid assumes most stable ionic form due to structural stabilization. As the pKa is dependent upon the environmental factors of the solution around the amino acids, a change in their structure and localization can cause change in the pKa of the protein. Thus, the answers can be found as below:
Part A: Decrease (As the lysine is basic in nature, it will tend to stabilize the electrostatic interaction and weak interactions between the acidic amino acids and hydrogen bonds in the viscinity, thus lowering the pH and hence pKa of the protein)
Part B: Increase (As the carboxyl group is acidic in nature, removal of it will tend to increase the pKa since the basic amino acids will tend to accumulate more negative charge in their viscinity)
Part C: Increase (As glutamic acid is an acidic amino acid, its shift from outside to a non-polar site will prevents its ionization and hence the pKa will tend to shift from slightly acidic to slightly basic, hence increase)
An increased rate of evaporation would allow the funnel to grow increasingly larger as the storm updraft takes in warm moist air at a more rapid rate. This would also increase the strength and speed of the tornado's winds. With that said, your best answer is D.
Fossils and rocks identical to each other wet found on separate continents because rocks and the animals that formed those fossils can't swim the logical explanation was that the continents split after the rocks and fossils were formed
Biotic and Abiotic factors differ greatly. A biotic factor is any living thing in an ecosystem, such as plants and animals. An abiotic factor is all nonliving things in an ecosystem, such as water, dirt, and rocks.