the one that is inherited from the parents
Synthetic organic pigments are derived from coal tars and other petrochemicals. Inorganic pigments are made by relatively simple chemical reactions—notably oxidation—or are found naturally as earths. Inorganic pigments include white opaque pigments used to provide opacity and to lighten other colours.
I think it is C, since it does occur on land life, and I think it also occurs in marine life.
The role of a pioneer species is to produce the soil.