Carbonate groups contain a single carbon atom, and three oxygen atoms in a trigonal molecular geometry. The carbon atom has two single bonds to two oxygen atoms and a double bond to the third oxygen atom. Therefore, in addition to carbon, carbonate minerals contain oxygen. An example of a carbonate mineral is calcium carbonate, often found within rocks.
In human, Oogenesis in comparison to spermatogenesis is different in that Oogenesis does not complete meiosis until after fertilization, but spermatogenesis is complete before the sperm leave the body. Oogenesis is the process by which the female gametes, or ova are created in the female's ovary. Spermatogenesis is the process in which males synthesis sperms. The two process are part of gametogenesis which involves meiosis type of cell division, in which a diploid cell divides into four haploid daughter cells.
Genetic information from DNA to RNA is called transcription which involves the enzyme RNA polymerase. The DNA is read from 3' to 5' in direction and produces an mRNA (messenger RNA) which contains the genetic data from the DNA. This mRNA strand is further processed in the nucleus (capping and adding a poly-A tail) before being transported to the cytoplasm.
The information contained in mRNA is used to make a polypeptide chain is called translation. This involves the use of ribosomes in the cytoplasm which attach themselves to the mRNA strand then using tRNA (transfer RNA) to add amino acids to the elongating polypeptide depending on the codon in the mRNA.
Answer:
Placebo, Is used to describe a substance given in clinical trial that does not contain the drug.
Explanation:
- Clinical trials are done to evaluate the effectiveness of a drug in treating a particular medical symptom or disease.
- In such case a placebo is used as a control in the experiment.
- A placebo contains all the components as the medicine except for the drug that is being tested.
- A placebo is given to one group of patients having the symptoms for which the drug is tested while another group of patients with same symptoms are given the drug.
- If the group that was given the drug show symptoms of cure while the group that was given placebo does not show changes. Then the drug is said to be effective.
The availability of glucose energy necessary for memory consolidation is most likely to be enhanced by stress hormones.
These hormones, as well as growth hormones, sex hormones, and glucagon, have such an influence on liver that glucose gets secreted into the bloodstream. Glucose is important for many things in our body, and memory consolidation is one of them.
