Answer:
C. Phylogenetic niche conservatism
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that the term that best explains these "living fossils" is Phylogenetic niche conservatism. This refers to the tendency that a specific species has for retaining certain traits from the ancestors. Which explains why the living "cycads" are nearly identical to fossils.
I’m pretty sure the answer is A but if you already ruled that out try B
Answer:
The solubility of any substance in water depends on its polarity. The polar molecule dissolves more easily in the water than the non polar molecule. Amino acids have different polarity at different pH.
(a) (Lys-Ala)3 : The (Lys-Ala)3 contain more positive charge and highly polar the at pH 7 as compared with the (Gly)20 that remains uncharged and has less polarity.
(b) (Glu)20 :This amino acids negatively charged at pH 7 and highly polar than the (Phe-Met)3 which is non polar or less polar and hence least soluble in water.
(c) (Asn-Ser-His)5 is highly polar at pH 3 as compared with the (Ala-Asp-Gly)5 that contains the carboxylate groups of Asp residues that are partially neutral. The (Asn-Ser-His)5 contains = the imidazole groups of His residues are fully polar and soluble in water.
(d) (Asn-Ser-His)5 is polar at pH 6.0 because both have polar side chains Ser but (Asn-Ser-His)5 is only partially partially protonated due to the His side chains. Thus, (Asn-Ser-His)5 is more soluble in water.
The double membrane. It's theorized that chloroplasts used to be their own single-celled organism in the environment (and therefore with its own membrane). Then, the theory states, a larger cell took in the chloroplast by endocytosis, which involves surrounding the chloroplast in the large cell's own membrane. The chloroplast would then have two membranes surrounding it. This is similar to the thinking for mitochondria becoming an organelle as well. Hope this helps! :)
