In human gene therapy, a genetically modified virus (a.k.a. a viral vector) can alter the genetic variation of a cell, but not all viral vectors do.
The process often begins with the delivery of or creation of a segment of viral double stranded DNA (containing the gene you want to introduce). Then typically an enzyme known as an integrase cuts the ends of the segment of viral DNA and also cuts open the cell's DNA. Then the viral DNA is integrated/ inserted into the cell's DNA. The connecting ends are ligated together and adjusted so that the nucleotide base pairs match up.
This in the future may affect the gene pool for instance if the viral DNA (your gene) was inserted in the middle of another gene or important regulatory sequence of the cell DNA, and this alteration may be passed on into offspring and become present in the gene pool, which could have bad effects.
The effects on the gene pool really depends on what the virus ends up doing. For example, it may fix the function of a damaged gene which is the goal, and allow for a working gene to be in the gene pool, which would be good. The problem with gene therapy is that it's difficult to predict 100% what the virus will do every time it is given to a patient.
But it's very important to consider that it will only affect the gene pool if the virus is able to enter and alter germ cells (reproductive cells). If the virus, enters somatic cells (regular body cells) this will not be passed on to future generations. So viruses can be designed to avoid germ cells and avoid this gene pool issue. Also, some viral vectors use viruses that do not integrate their DNA, the cells just express the viral DNA (create the desired protein from it) and over time the viral DNA is degraded/ lost which wouldn't pose this threat.
This is long, but I hope it helped!
Homozygus- same
the PP are the same allele
The genotype would be 100% homozygus and then whatever the P stands for.
Homozygus P
Answer:
C. their gametes do not require water for fertilization to occur.
Explanation:
Seed bearing plants are plants that produce seeds. The gametes of seed-bearing plants do no depend on water for fertilization. Fertilization could occur through the transfer of pollen from the male gametophtye to the female gametophyte through animals or wind.
Unlike other plant types like the bryophytes, they rely on water for fertilization. They so have xylem and phloem as well as other plants. They also have stems,roots and leaves like other plants.
Answer: glycogen is insoluble in water
Explanation:
Glycogen is a better storage of glucose because Glycogen is insoluble in water thus, because of the glycosidic linkages. Storing glucose as glycogen will not upset the osmotic pressure rather than glucose which is soluble in water and if it is stored as glucose it will disturb the osmotic pressure making the solution hypertonic that will cause the cell to lyse.
The glucose from glycogen is readily mobilized and is therefore a good source of energy when needed rather than free floating glucose
Answer:
The chlorophylls, a and b, are the pigments of photosynthesis. They are produced in chloroplasts in the photosynthetic tissues of the leaf. The chlorophyll molecules are very water repelling, partly because of the long phytol tail in the molecule.
