Answer:
The encomienda was first established in Spain following the Christian conquest of Moorish territories (known to Christians as the Reconquista), and it was applied on a much larger scale during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Spanish Philippines.
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Perhaps in the Civil War era, the Dred Scott decision angered Abolitionists as the Supreme Court declared African Americans could not be a US citizen as they were not mentioned as as in the Constitution and that Congress abused their power by abolishing Slavery above the Mason Dixon line and in the New Western territories.
Northerners and famously Fredrick Douglass denounced the court ruling.<span />
The Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment provision in the US Constitution was originally found in the English Bill of Rights.
