(For a bit of context I will use the reaction between HCl and Mg as an example)
The larger the surface area of the magnesium metal, the more particles are exposed to collide with the aqueous HCl particles to cause the reaction to occur. This increases the frequency per second of collisions, speeding up the rate of reaction.
The effect of a catalyst is to reduce the minimum collision energy which allows the reaction to happen. This does not increase the number of collisions per second, but increases the percentage of successful collisions, which consequently causes the rate of reaction to increase .
I have drawn diagrams showing the effect of surface area, but there isn't really a meaningful diagram that I know of to show the impact of a catalyst (at least not at GCSE level).
Answer:
C. transition elements
Explanation:
Transition elements are groups of metallic elements that have partially filled d orbitals. They occupy the d-block of the periodic table (Group 3-12). Examples of elements that fall under this category are Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) etc. Transition metals have outstanding properties that distinguishes them from other elements.
One of these properties is their ability to form colored compounds due to their unfilled d electron shells. They form ions that are usually colored in solid compounds and in solution.