In photosynthesis, the movement of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen is proton gradient and is coupled to<u> transfer of </u><u>protons</u>.
Protons are transported across the thylakoid membrane and into the lumen through the electron transport chain (the space inside the thylakoid disk). Protons are simultaneously removed from the stroma by reduction of NADPH and added to the lumen via water splitting (the space outside the thylakoids). Protons are pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen as a result of the electron passing through the first link in the electron transport chain. A fourth protein complex in the thylakoid membrane, ATP synthase, then uses the energy stored in this proton gradient to produce ATP. This protein complex, like the mitochondrial enzyme, links proton flow back across the membrane to the creation of ATP.
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Answer:
Nitrogen is present in the atmosphere in a molecule form about 78 percent. This nitrogen comes to the earth with the water through rainfall. Some nitrogen fix by beneficial microorganisms such as Cyanobacteria and Azotobactor which are present in the roots of higher plants. These microorganisms convert nitrogen molecule into nitrates and used by the plants. There are some other microorganisms which again convert nitrate into nitrogen molecules, called denitrifying bacteria and nitrogen molecule goes to the atmosphere again and complete the cycle.
Answer:it depicts asexual reproduction occurring through binary fission, a process that does not lead to genetic variation
Explanation:
Answer:
i think the answer would be D
Answer:
The correct answer is option B ( ligand gated channels opened by neurotransmitter molecules).
Explanation:
Input region or postsynaptic region or dendrite is the site of neuron cell which receives the impulse from the pre-synaptic neuron at the synaptic junction.
The cell membrane of the dendrite is embedded with ligand-gated channels which opens up in response to the ligand (neurotransmitters) produced by the neurotransmitter vesicle of axon or output region of neuron.
The neuromuscular junction is such a case where acetylcholine receptors present in the dendrite opens in the presence of acetylcholine.
Thus, option B ( ligand-gated channels opened by neurotransmitter molecules) is the correct option.
