<u>Factors that limit patrol officer discretion:</u>
To maintain law and order the police are given the power to take the decision to stop people from making public disturbances and there are five most important factors that would limit the patrol officer's discretion.
There are five factors which are considered to be the most important factor that influences the patrol office that limits the patrol office take discretion. They are the crime and it is intended it can also be termed as “nature of the crime”.
The second factor is how the criminal and victim has been related and what is the association between them. Third is the role of the police officer and their relation with the criminal of the victim.
The fourth considered being the societal factor that is race or tradition, age, gender, and class. And the last one is the policies that pertain to the department and the order of the higher officials.
Answer:
The Miller Test is the primary legal test for determining whether expression constitutes obscenity. It is named after the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Miller v. California (1973). The Miller test faced its greatest challenge with online obscenity cases. In Ashcroft v. ACLU (2002), a case challenging the constitutionality of the Child Online Protection Act, several justices questioned the constitutionality of applying the local community standards of Miller to speech on the Internet. In this photo, Associate Legal Director of the ACLU Ann Beeson gestures during a news conference outside the Supreme Court on Tuesday, March 2, 2004 in Washington. The ACLU claimed COPA violated the First Amendment guarantee of free speech. They challenged the law on behalf of online bookstores, artists and others, including operators of Web sites that offer explicit how-to sex advice or health information. The Supreme Court agreed with the lower court’s ruling that COPA did not pass the strict scrutiny test used to judge obscenity cases. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci, used with permission from the Associated Press)
Explanation:
d
The system of rules which a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce by the imposition of penalties.
