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The split in Islam can be attributed to the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the year 632. Disputes over who the successor to him were heated with the Shias feeling that only a direct descendant of Muhammad was fit to be leader of the Muslims. Sunnis on the other hand felt as though that Muhammad's closest companion, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, was deserving of the title.
The fact that Japan is an island and has a large body of water in between them and the main land.