So there is something known as CAS-9 or Crispr. Its actually been getting a lot of attention lately because of how it works and its potential uses.
When we look at DNA, it must be very precise. One messup and it can cause huge problems.
If an organism was to contract a virus, the virus would try and make its own DNA to infect other cells.
However, if the organism somehow beats the virus, it stores a copy of the DNA structure of that virus in Crispr.
CAS-9 will then search through every strand of DNA and will get rid of any DNA that exactly matches that one piece they have copied.
This answer goes in depth buts it very interesting actually and it is gaining lots of attention.
Mitochondria is described as the power house of the cell, because it is the cell organelle that process the production of ATP, which is the energy source of the cell. Kreb's cycle occurs in the mitochondria, it is the process by which energy is generated inside the cell, leading to the production of ATP and carbon dioxide and water are given up as waste products.
Answer:
Hepato- and nephrotoxicity of fluoride have been demonstrated in animals, but few studies have examined potential effects in humans. This population-based study examines the relationship between chronic low-level fluoride exposure and kidney and liver function among United States (U.S.) adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate whether greater fluoride exposure is associated with altered kidney and liver parameters among U.S. youth.
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2016). We analyzed data from 1983 and 1742 adolescents who had plasma and water fluoride measures respectively and did not have kidney disease. Fluoride was measured in plasma and household tap water. Kidney parameters included estimated glomerular filtration rate (calculated by the original Schwartz formula), serum uric acid, and the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio. Liver parameters were assessed in serum and included alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and albumin. Survey-weighted linear regression examined relationships between fluoride exposure and kidney and liver parameters after covariate adjustment. A Holm-Bonferroni correction accounted for multiple comparisons.
The average age of adolescents was 15.4 years. Median water and plasma fluoride concentrations were 0.48 mg/L and 0.33 μmol/L respectively. A 1 μmol/L increase in plasma fluoride was associated with a 10.36 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (95% CI: −17.50, −3.22; p = 0.05), a 0.29 mg/dL higher serum uric acid concentration (95% CI: 0.09, 0.50; p = 0.05), and a 1.29 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95%CI: −1.87, −0.70; p < 0.001). A 1 mg/L increase in water fluoride was associated with a 0.93 mg/dL lower blood urea nitrogen concentration (95% CI: −1.44, −0.42; p = 0.007).
Fluoride exposure may contribute to complex changes in kidney and liver related parameters among U.S. adolescents. As the study is cross-sectional, reverse causality cannot be ruled out; therefore, altered kidney and/or liver function may impact bodily fluoride absorption and metabolic processes.
hope this helps
rate brainiest
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Eukaryotic cells have the nucleus enclosed within the nuclear membrane.
The cell has mitochondria.
Flagella and cilia are the locomotory organs in a eukaryotic cell.
A cell wall is the outermost layer of the eukaryotic cells.
The cells divide by a process called mitosis.
