Clouds, atmospheric aerosols, snow, ice, sand, ocean surface and even rooftops play a role in deflecting the incoming rays. The remaining 70 percent of solar energy is absorbed by land, ocean, and atmosphere. "Greenhouse gases block about 40 percent of outgoing thermal radiation that emanates from Earth," Woods said.
<span>Wisconsin is mostly made up of the temperate deciduous forest biomes, although temperate grasslands and a few other biomes also exist within the state</span>
Answer:
The transport protein-hormone complexes of lipid soluble proteins can not cross the filtration membrane of glomerulus.
Explanation:
Steroid hormones are water-insoluble (hydrophobic) in nature. Since blood has watery medium, the plasma, the lipid-soluble hormones travel in blood through transport proteins. The transport protein-hormone complexes are too large to cross the filtration membrane of glomerulus. The impermeability of the filtration membrane of glomerulus for protein-hormone complexes increases the half-life of lipid-soluble proteins.
For radioactive materials with short half-lives, you use a very sensitive calibrated detector to measure how many counts per second it is producing. Then using the exact same set up you do the same at a latter time. You use the two readings and the time between them to determine the half-life. You don’t have to wait exactly a half-life, you can do the math with any significant time difference. Also, you don’t need to know the absolute radioactivity, as long as the set up is the same you only need to know fraction by which it changed.
For radioactive materials with long half-lives that won’t work. Instead you approach the problem differently. You precisely measure the mass of a very pure sample of the radioactive material. You can use that to calculate the number of atoms in the sample. Then you put the sample in a counter that is calibrated to determine the absolute number of disintegrations happening in a given time. Now you know how many of them are disintegrating every second. You use the following equations:
Decays per Second = (Number of Atoms) x (Decay Constant)
Half-life = (Natural Log of 2) / (Decay Constant)
And you can calculate the half-life
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