Answer:
ligand; ions; ligand; ions; nervous system
Explanation:
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane protein complexes that open when they bind to their corresponding ligands (e.g., neurotransmitters). This type of receptor is known to modulate the synaptic transmission between neuron cells or neuron and muscle cells. In the nervous system, ligand-gated ion channels located at sites of synaptic contact determine the ion flow in response to neurotransmitter binding. Some examples of ligand-gated ion channels include gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA-A) and nicotinic cholinergic receptors.
Angiogenesis is the new blood vessels formation. After strenuous exercise, local [X] would be least similar to post-exercise [Z] in subjects in group A.
<h3>What is the impact of exercise?</h3>
After any exercise, a person's body repairs or replaces muscle fibers damaged during the exercise by fusing muscle fibers together to form new muscle protein strands called myofibrils.
These replaced myofibrils increase in thickness and number to form muscle hypertrophy. These larger muscles require more blood vessels.
If cytokine X acts to promote angiogenesis in the new muscle tissue, it will mean a person would expect large increases in the local concentration of X.
Thus the group that is least similar to this large increase in local [X] would be the group with the less increase in [Z] which is group A.
Thus, the correct option is for subjects in group A.
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Mitochondria: totally real cell organelles that convert sugars, fats and oxygen into usable energy for cells. Midi-chlorians: completely made-up and widely derided microscopic life-forms that give Jedi warriors their ability to use the Force in the "Star Wars" movies.
It was at that POINT MUTATION began
The correct answer is - increased competition.
If an ecosystem experiences an increase in its biodiversity, than the result of it would be increased competition. The increased competition will be for food sources, water sources, territory. The reason why increased competition will occur is that there are only limited mounts of food sources, water sources, and territory in the ecosystem. There's also certain amount of niches in the ecosystem, and once all of them are occupied by some species, any other that is specialized for that niche will be competitor plus. This increased competition will lead to high evolutionary pressure, which will result in relatively quick adaptations and specialization in order to survive.
