The primary difficulty is the fact that we do not know all of the organisms that currently exist in the world along with those that existed in the past.
Answer:
The type of mutation responsible for changing a base in the mRNA strand, without changing the coding aminoacid or protein, is called a <u>silent</u> mutation.
Explanation:
In a silent mutation occurs the change of a nitrogenous base in one of the codons that encodes an aminoacid, without changing the aminoacid or altering the structure or function of the protein to be synthesized.
In this type of mutations the change of the base does not mean the change of the aminoacid, because some aminoacids can be coded with more than one codon. In the case of Leucine, the codons that encode it are CUU, CUC, CUG or CUA, so even if a base changes, the final protein will be the correct one.
For the other options:
- <u><em>Missense</em></u><em>: the change of the base in the DNA chain implies the change of the codon in the mRNA and of the encoded aminoacid, in that way a structural and functional alteration of the synthesized protein occurs. </em>
- <u><em>Nonsense</em></u><em>: the change in the nitrogenous base in the DNA leads to the coding of a termination codon, so that the protein is ultimately incomplete.</em>
- <u><em>Insertion</em></u><em>: in this case there is the addition of more nitrogenous bases to the DNA chain, with respect to the original one.</em>
Hyaline cartilage makes up the costal cartilage that holds the ribs to the sternum. The most prevalent form of cartilage in the body is hyaline cartilage.
<h3>What is hyaline cartilage?</h3>
On the articulating surfaces of bones, in the larynx, trachea, and bronchi, as well as on the sternal ends of the ribs, hyaline cartilage is present. It imparts a rigid yet malleable form to the constructions.
Hyaline structures are connective tissues that anchor the ribs onto the sternum. Such structures and joints are robust because collagen fibers are present, but their mobility and flexibility are constrained. To reduce friction and provide cushioning at the joint surface, articular cartilage, also known as hyaline cartilage, covers the ends of bones.
Learn more about hyaline cartilage here:
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The offspring gets half of the required chromosomes from each parent. Human parents would give 23 chromosomes to their child as 23 + 23 = 46 chromosomes.
