The student should make sure that the instrument she will be using to measure the pH of the water is valid.
Validity is concerned with an object's goal is able to measure the intended object.
<span> With this conclusion validity, our data gathered and presented are considered a reasonable one. It is the most important types of validity. As what is said, by having conclusion validity, your data will be undoubtedly least considered since it is labelled as statistical and well-studied. Once you already mention the word statistics meaning it is studied and surveyed with the most of the human race and includes relationship in your data.</span>
Answer: O C. The shapes of the alveoli and the capillaries increase the surface area of the membranes.
Explanation:
Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs, which takes the oxygen inside them. The membranes of the alveoli and the capillaries expand to take up the oxygen whereas the contract or becomes narrower when they expel out the carbon dioxide gas. Thus the shapes of the membranes of the alveoli and capillaries play an important role during exchange of gases.
1. It peaks in spring and decreases in fall.
2. Absorbs and re-emits infrared radiation
5. The health of coral colonies
Explanation:
(1)
This is caused by the formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) during winter in the polar regions. These clouds offer a surface area on which the CFC chemical reaction occurs at a fast rate causing ozone depletion in the polar stratosphere by as much as 50%. This peaks at spring when the temperature begins to warm-up providing an increase chemical reaction rate of the surfaces of these clouds.
(2)
These greenhouse gases, therefore, prevent the escape of infrared radiation from the earth surface towards space. The absorption and re-emission of the radiation caused this radiation to be trapped in the atmosphere. Remember that infrared is the electromagnetic ration spectrum responsible for transferring heat energy. This is why the atmosphere warms up with an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
(3)
The good kind of ozone is the one that is high p in the atmosphere in the stratosphere. It is significant because it prevents UV rays from reaching the earth’s surface which may be harmful to live organisms. The bad ozone is the one that forms in the lower atmosphere close to the earth’s surface because it is harmful when breathed in and also destroys vegetation. It is therefore a pollutant. Ozone is in large concentration near the tropic and lowest in the poles.
(4)
An increase in greenhouse gases is causing climate change. A significant phenomenon as a result is the enhanced melting of polar ice sheets and the increase in ocean surface levels. This results in the displacement of coastal communities as a result. Their migration may cause conflict due to competition for resources in the region they migrate to.
(5)
Coral is very sensitive to changes in ocean properties. This is why climate change is causing massive bleaching of coral around the world. This is because climate change has caused an increase in oceans' temperatures and pH. pH is a result of the increased capacity of dissolved carbon dioxide in the oceans. Increased formation of carbonic acid has caused a lowering of ocean pH.
(6)
Breaking of the Montreal protocol by signatory countries would cause an increase in emissions of CFCs into the atmosphere. This would result in an increased rate of depletion of the ozone. More UV rays would reach the earth's surface and affect living organisms on the earth’s surface. This is because destroys genetic materials by causing double-stranded breaks. This creates a recipe for increased rates of cancers.
Of the four islands in this archipelago, a SMALL island CLOSE TO the mainland would have the SECOND LOWEST equilibrium number of species. Biogeography studies species distribution.
Biogeography refers to the discipline that examines the range of distribution of species and taxonomic groups in a given geographical area over geological time.
The theory of island biogeography is a scientific theory that posits the idea that larger islands exhibit a greater amount of species (i.e., higher biodiversity) than smaller islands.
According to this theory (island biogeography), each island represents a particular unique ecosystem, which is different from other surrounding ecosystems.
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