When the continents are at the Earths poles, they receive less sunlight.
The best thing to do is to rinse the dust cap with freshwater and dry it with a clean towel of air from the tank. Be sure to blow or towel dry the dust cap before putting it in place on the first stage.
A mutation in a plant that could cause negative outcomes could be the plant has less leaves, or isn't hardy enough, like other plants. It would die. A plant from an area like Chernobyl, that has been affected by radiation could poison other animals, or pass that gene along, and ultimately kill that strand of plant.
Answer:
Photosynthesis has two parts: the light-dependent reactions and the dark reactions (the Calvin cycle). Photosynthesis in a general sense, uses CO2 and water to create C6H12O6 (glucose) and oxygen. The light-dependent reactions use water to make oxygen, and a reduced energy carrier (NADPH) is also created. The Calvin cycle uses carbon dioxide and ATP to create G3P for glucose.
The light-dependent reactions occur on the membrane of the thylakoid and also involve shuttling electrons across different complexes (photosystem II and photosystem I), eventually causing ATP to be created with a proton gradient.
The light-independent reactions/Calvin cycle occur in the stroma of the chloroplast and also involve shuffling carbons around. Carbon dioxide is processed in three stages, and glucose is made from 6 CO2.