A year in the modern Gregorian Calendar consists of 365 days. In reality, the earth takes longer to rotate around the sun. To ac
count for the difference in time, every 4 years, a leap year takes place. A leap year is when a year has 366 days: An extra day, February 29th. The requirements for a given year to be a leap year are:
1) The year must be divisible by 4
2) If the year is a century year (1700, 1800, etc.), the year must be evenly divisible by 400
Some example leap years are 1600, 1712, and 2016.
Write a program that takes in a year and determines whether that year is a leap year.
Ex: If the input is:
1712
the output is:
1712 is a leap year.
Ex: If the input is:
1913
the output is:
1913 is not a leap year.
Your program must define and call the following function. The function should return true if the input year is a leap year and false otherwise.
bool IsLeapYear(int userYear)
1) The year must be divisible by 4
2) If the year is a century year (1700, 1800, etc.), the year must be evenly divisible by 400
Some example leap years are 1600, 1712, and 2016.
Write a program that takes in a year and determines whether that year is a leap year.
Ex: If the input is:
1712
the output is:
1712 is a leap year.
Ex: If the input is:
1913
the output is:
1913 is not a leap year.
Your program must define and call the following function. The function should return true if the input year is a leap year and false otherwise.
bool IsLeapYear(int userYear)
2 answers:
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Answer:
Here is the C++ program:
#include <iostream> // to include input output functions
using namespace std; // to identify objects like cin cout
int counter(string userString, char character) { //function counter
int count = 0; // counts the no of times a character appears in the string
for (int i=0;i<userString.length();i++)
// loop to move through the string to find the occurrence of the character
if (userString[i] == character) //if characters is found in the string
count++; //counts the occurrence of the character in the string
return count; } //returns the no of times character occurs in the string
int main() { //start of the main() function body
string s; // stores the string entered by the user
cout<<"Enter a string: "; //prompts user to enter the string
cin>>s; //reads the string from user
char ch; //stores the character entered by the user
cout<<"Enter a character: "; //prompts user to enter a character
cin>>ch; //reads the character from user
cout << counter(s, ch) << endl; }
//calls counter function to find the number of times a character occurs in the //string
Explanation:
The counter function works as following:
It has a count variable which stores the number of occurrences of a character in the userString.
It uses a for loop which loops through the entire string.
It has i position variable which starts with the first character of the string and checks if the first character of userString matches with the required character.
If it matches the character then count variable counts the first occurrence of the character and in the userString and is incremented to 1.
If the character does not match with the first character of the userString then the loops keeps traversing through the userString until the end of the userString is reached which is specified by the length() function which returns the length of the string.
After the loop ends the return count statement is used to return the number of occurrences of the character in the userString.
The main() function prompts the user to enter a string and a character. It then calls counter() function passing string s and character ch arguments to it in order to get the number of times ch appears in s.
The output is attached in a screenshot.
Answer:
A jacket that originally costs $ 100 is on sale today for $ 80
Explanation:
Main : From here the execution of the program begins
Set OldPrice = 100 -> This line assigns 100 to the OldPrice variable
Set SalePrice = 70 -> This line assigns 70to the SalePrice variable
Call BigSale(OldPrice, SalePrice) -> This line calls BigSale method by passing OldPrice and SalePrice to that method
Write "A jacket that originally costs $ ", OldPrice -> This line prints/displays the line: "A jacket that originally costs $ " with the resultant value in OldPrice variable that is 100
Write "is on sale today for $ ", SalePrice -> This line prints/displays the line: "is on sale today for $ " with the resultant value in SalePrice variable that is 80
End Program -> the main program ends
Subprogram BigSale(Cost, Sale As Ref) -> this is a definition of BigSale method which has two parameters i.e. Cost and Sale. Note that the Sale is declared as reference type
Set Sale = Cost * .80 -> This line multiplies the value of Cost with 0.80 and assigns the result to Sale variable
Set Cost = Cost + 20 -> This line adds 20 to the value of Cost and assigns the result to Cost variable
End Subprogram -> the method ends
This is the example of call by reference. So when the method BigSale is called in Main by reference by passing argument SalePrice to it, then this call copies the reference of SalePrice argument into formal parameter Sale. Inside BigSale method the reference &Sale is used to access actual argument i.e. SalePrice which is used in BigSale(OldPrice, SalePrice) call. So any changes made to value of Sale will affect the value of SalePrice
So when the method BigSale is called two arguments are passed to it OldPrice argument and SalePrice is passed by reference.
The value of OldPrice is 100 and SalePrice is 70
Now when method BigSale is called, the reference &Sale is used to access actual argument SalePrice = 70
In the body of this method there are two statements:
Sale = Cost * .80;
Cost = Cost + 20;
So when these statement execute:
Sale = 100 * 0.80 = 80
Cost = 100 + 20 = 120
Any changes made to value of Sale will affect the value of SalePrice as it is passed by reference. So when the Write "A jacket that originally costs $ " + OldPrice Write "is on sale today for $ " + SalePrice statement executes, the value of OldPrice remains 100 same as it does not affect this passed argument, but SalePrice was passed by reference so the changes made to &Sale by statement in method BigSale i.e. Sale = Cost * .80; has changed the value of SalePrice from 70 to 80 because Sale = 100 * 0.80 = 80. So the output produced is:
A jacket that originally costs $ 100 is on sale today for $ 80
