Question

ATP synthesis in both chloroplasts and mitochondria involves the process called . 2. In both cellular respiration and photosynthesis, a(n) built into a membrane pumps H+ across the membrane as electrons are passed from one electron carrier to the next in a series of redox reactions. 3. In respiration, the electrons come from the oxidation of organic molecules, and is the final electron acceptor. 4. In photosynthesis, the electrons come from water and end up in . 5. In photosynthesis, drives electrons from a low-energy state in water to a high-energy state. 6. In both respiration and photosynthesis, the potential energy of a(n) is tapped to drive the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. As H+ diffuses back through (an enzyme complex embedded in the membrane), ATP is produced.

Answer 1

Answers:

Chemiosmosis

electron transport chain (ETC)

Oxygen

NADPH

Light energy

H+ concentration gradient

ATP synthase

Explanation:

Chemiosmosis

Chemiosmosis is the flow of ions across a semipermeable membrane, through the electrochemical gradient. E.g. the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the flow of hydrogen ions (H+) across a membrane as seen in cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

electron transport chain (ETC)

An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes which functions in transferring electrons from the electron donors to  electron acceptors through the redox (which has the reduction and oxidation taking place at the same time) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane.

Oxygen

In cellular respiration, oxygen is the final electron acceptor. Oxygen takes in the electrons from the electron transport chain and ATPase (the enzyme that produces high-energy ATP molecules).

NADPH

NADPH is produced at the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane, and transported to the stroma. Through the non-cyclic photophosphorylation, electrons are extracted from water and transferred through PSII and PSI and the NADPH (where it ends up).

Light energy

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis. Light is taken in from photosynthesis is employed in drivinh electrons from water to produce NADPH and to drive protons across a membrane to produce ATP through ATP synthase.

H+ concentration gradient

Electron transport via the Eelectron transport Chain yields a proton gradient (pumps H+ into the intermembrane space). The transport of H+ across the inner membrane to the matrix via ATP synthase.

ATP synthase

ATP synthase is a catalyst involved in the production of the energy currency compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for all organisms.