This would be mostly Great Britain and France: you can see that many countries today still speak English and French in Africa.
Portugal also had some land under its control: Angola and Mozambique.
Now, I am unsure about the forth one, as there is a number of countries that had a colony, but were not as present as the ones I mentioned above. These are Belgium, Italy, Germany and Spain.
Learned behavior is less prone to extinction if it is conditioned by partial reinforcement.
Only a portion of the time is spent reinforcing the answer, in partial (or intermittent) reinforcement. With partial reinforcement, learned behaviors are learned more slowly but are more resistant to extinction.
Partial schedules, as opposed to continuous schedules, promote the desired behavior only on occasion. Because it takes longer to initially link behavior to reinforcement, learning progresses more slowly as a result.
Partial schedules, however, also result in behavior that is more resistant to being eliminated. Organisms are tempted to continue acting in a certain way in the hopes of receiving rewards in the future.
To learn more about partial reinforcement, click
brainly.com/question/9408518
#SPJ4
Because the River Nile was convenient passageway for conquest.
