Solid inner core, hope this helps, 4300*C.
Your first thoracic vertebrate aka T1 controls the nerves in your arms. Therefore, I would go with 'Pushing' as it requires your arms to do it.
Answer:
1. The population will increase as they're better adapted to their environment and have a higher survival rate due to this helpful phenotype.
2. This happens to the population because this helpful phenotype might lead to less exposure to predation in which leads to a better survival fitness for the organism.
3. This mutation continues to exist as the organisms continue to successfully reproduce into the population due to being able to survive for longer.
Yes, energy is
required to separate the charges. Mostly, the inner of the cell membrane
is negatively charged compared to the outside. When the cell becomes depolarized,
ions, especially, Sodium ions, are pumped
out by active transportation to restore resting potential. Active transport requires energy from ATP powered by food metabolism.