Answer:
TNF-alpha is expressed as a homotrimer that exerts its activities through binding to two types of receptors: TNFR1 and TNFR2, which are transmembrane glycoproteins characterized by having an extracellular domain with 4 cysteine-rich domains (CRD 1-4) , each with 3 cysteinecysteine disulfide bonds.
Explanation:
TNF-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor), which has the characteristic of being a paracrine signaling ligand, is a pleiotropic cytokine that functions as a mediator of immune regulation, the inflammatory response and apoptosis in some cell types. Receptors in this family are involved, with some exceptions, in juxtacrine signaling; that is, both the ligand and the receptor are membrane proteins with extracellular domains through which signaling is established. The cellular responses promoted by TNF are initiated by its interaction with two different types of cell receptors, the type I receptor (55 kDa) and the type II receptor (75 kDa). Both types of receptors are part of the TNF receptor family, members of which include Fas antigen (apoptosis inducer, also called Apo-1 or CD95), CD27 (T-cell activation antigen), CD30 (lymphoma marker Hodgkin) and CD40 (B-cell antigen), which share the characteristic of cysteine-rich sequences in their extracellular domains. This family of cytokines generate cellular responses that include differentiation, proliferation, activation of NFκB and cell death, promoting the aggregation of receptor monomers, that is, they have a transmembrane domain that participates in the solubilization of the receptor and a domain of intracellular death that is involved in signal transduction. The binding of TNF to TNF-R1 induces a signaling cascade through its intracellular death domain, which subsequently leads to the activation of complex I (or inflammatory) of NFkB and proceeds to the transcription of anti-apoptotic genes, pro- inflammatory diseases and apoptosis complex II (caspases).
Answer:
Initiators - identify the requirement for a product within the company
Influencers - provide specifications about the technology needed by the company
Buyers - handle the process of choosing the vendor and negotiating the price
Explanation:
The buying centre of an organisation consists of 7 different member namely Initiators, Users, Buyers, Influencers, Deciders, Approvers, Gate Keepers.
- Initiators are the person who are first to suggests or initiates of the idea of buying the particular service or product.
- Influencer are the whose views or idea influence the decision making process. These influencers could be qualified engineers, technical personnel, consultants.
- Buyers are the persons who takes care of the the person who handles the paper work of the actual purchase.These buyers plays a vital role in choosing vendors. Sometimes they also helps in shaping the product specifications.
Answer:
FRONTAL LOBE
Explanation:
The frontal lobe can be located at the anterior part of the brain, extending back to a fissure known as the central sulcus. The frontal lobe functions and helps in coordination of reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language. It contains the motor cortex, which is involved in planning and coordinating movement; the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for higher-level cognitive functioning; and Broca’s area, which is essential for language production.
Let say for example Kyle is my friend who was a victim of an accident.
Before the accident, he was industrious and well liked BUT after the accident, he is profane, impetuous, and incapable of working toward a goal.
Such changes in personality would be consistent with loss of impulse control which is a significant frontal lobe function. With connections between the planning functions of the frontal lobe and the emotional processes of the limbic system severed, Kyle had difficulty controlling his emotional impulses, attitudes and abiiity of working towards his goals.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The number of different species in a particular habitat is what is what makes up the biodiversity in such habitat. The more varied the species are, the higher the biodiversity.
There are factors that could lead to a decline in the biodiversity level of an habitat which is illustrated by the two graphs above. One of such factors is over exploration of a forest.
The graph shows that as consumption of lumber increases at a faster rate compared to how forest is replenished, the amount of lumber available for supply also reduces. As this goes on, biodiversity keeps declining.
In summary, we can say that:
"When forests are cut down faster than they can be replenished, biodiversity quickly decreases."
