Codon is three DNA and RNA nucleotides that go to a certain amino acid and or stop certain protein signal during synthesis
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A phylogeny of the same taxa based only on morphological traits:
Some highly conserved genetic sequences can result in unrelated species appearing closely related in a molecular phylogeny, and not reflect the same pattern as the morphologic phylogeny.
Gene sequence changes may not result in morphological changes.
Gene sequences always provide more data than morphological traits.
Morphological analyses always provide more data because each morphological trait is the result of the expression of many genes.
The molecular data may be based on the analysis of introns, which aren't expressed and don't contribute to the evolutionary history of a group of taxa.
Why is molecular data more accurate?
Phylogenetic trees reconstructed from molecular sequences are often considered more reliable than those reconstructed from morphological characters, in part because convergent evolution, which confounds phylogenetic reconstruction, is believed to be rarer for molecular sequences than for morphologies
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Explanation:
The role of active cytotoxic T cells is to attack <u> </u><u>body cells that have been infected</u>
Answer: after organelles it cells,tissues,organs,organ system then it give you the last one which is organism.
Explanation:
Answer:
As this is DNA replication, this is the unwounding process
Explanation:
In DNA replication, the parent DNA to be replicated is unwound to enable access of the replication machinery (replisome) to this genetic material. The origin of replication will be identified first, which in the prokaryotes is only one, and in the eukaryotes, we have many. This sites are recognized by specific sequences on the genome. after this, melting of the DNA occurs at this origin creating a replication bubble and two replication forks. This allows for the unwinding of the DNA by the enzyme Helicases in the direction of the replication fork. Another enzyme present in this step is also the single strand binding proteins (SSB). These proteins function in the prevention of re-anealing of the unwound DNA strand by attaching themselves to each strands. Another enzyme called the topoisomerases also function here by reducing the torque (twisting) produced upstream of the replication fork as result of DNA unwounding. An example is the gyrase
