Viral replication involves six steps: attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release. During attachment and penetration, the virus attaches itself to a host cell and injects its genetic material into it.
toxic enzymes that damage the host cell that are coded for in the viral genome
secretion of chemicals from the virus to the membrane of the host cell
replication of the viral genetic material within the host
lysis of the host to release new viruses
integrating into the host cell chromosomes
Mitrochondira helps the membrane to save inner plasma
DNA is copied during mitosis and when the two resulting copies of DNA are compared they are found to contain the same order of nucleotides is not the result of mutation in the DNA sequence of an organism.
Explanation:
Mutation is the process
It is caused by certain chemicals called mutagens or by environmental factors.
In mutation the nucleotide get change which eventually changes the protein product.
In mutation purine base gets mutated to purine base and pyrimidine base gets mutated to pyrimidine only.
A single change in nucleotide is called point mutation and the effect occurring because of it is called frame shift mutations.
In S phase there are checkpoints which ensure that DNA replication is accurate and when mitosis follows it equal distribution of DNA takes place between the two daughter cells hence no mutation will takes place.
The palisade cells are the main site of photosynthesis, as they have many more chloroplasts than spongy mesophyll, and also have several adaptations to maximizes photosynthesis efficiency. Large Vacuole restricts chloroplasts to a later near outside of the cell where they can be reached by light more easily.
