M1 money growth in the US was about 16% in 2008, 7% in 2009 and 9% in 2010. Over the same time period, the yield on 3-month Treasury bills fell from almost 3% to close to 0%. Given these high rates of money growth, why did interest rates fall, rather than increase? What does this say about the income, price level and expected-inflation effects?
Higher money growth (increase in the money supply) should have the following effects:
Liquidity effect indicates that this growth in money should shift money supply to the right, which should decrease the interest rate.
Income effect indicates that the growth in money should increase income levels, which should increase the demand for money and shift the demand curve to the right. This should increase the interest rate.
The price level effect indicates that the growth in money should increase price levels, which should increase the demand for money and shift the demand curve to the right. This should also increase the interest rate.
During this time period, unemployment was high, economic growth was weak and policymakers were more concerned with deflation than they were with inflation.
Therefore, the expected inflation effect was almost non-existent (due to the concerns with deflation) and the liquidity effect dominated all other effects, which made interest rates fall.
<span>This is illustrated with the first graph on slide 32 of the Theory of Money Powerpoints.</span>
Answer:
The Required Return is 10.82%.
Explanation:
The Dividends Model for the Constant Growth is given below:
P0 = D1 / (Ke - g)
Arranging the above equation for "Ke", that is the Required Return:
⇒ Ke = (D1 / P0) + g
Putting Values and we get:
Required Return = Ke = (2.34 / 37) + .045 = .1082 = 10.82%.
Thanks!
Answer: Add and delete divisions
Explanation:
The process structure in organizations is when the organization is divided into different departments such that they're all related to each other for organizational goals to be achieved.
The divisions can include sales, research, manufacturing etc. It brings about more competition among the departments, focuses on customers and brings about flexibility.
Therefore, the disadvantage will be "Add and delete divisions".
Answer:
C. VL = VU + PV(Tax Shield) - PV(CFD)
Explanation:
The static trade off theory is a theory of capital structure in corporate finance, first proposed by Alan Kraus and Robert H. Litzenberger. The theory emphasizes the trade-offs between the tax benefits of increasing leverage and the cost of bankruptcy associated with higher leverage. The <u>answer is C</u> as we know relative to the unleveraged firm, leverage provides both costs and benefits. The benefits are the tax shields provided by debt.
Answer:
The initial deposit should be of: $97,439.62
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
To replace the new machine when it wears out, the company wants to establish a savings account today. The interest rate on the account is 1.9 percent per quarter and the cost of the machinery is $325,000.
To calculate the initial investment required, we need to use a variation on the simple interest future value formula:
FV= PV*(1+i)^n
PV= present value
Isolating PV:
PV= FV/(1+i)^n
i= 0.019
n= 4*16= 64
FV= 325,000
PV= 325,000/ (1.019^64)= $97,439.62