Answer:
This is actually a reduction, and the scale factor of this dilation is 0.5.
It is 18 because it is a square so all the sides have to be the same so that would make it 18
Ok so first following the order of opperation (P.E.M.D.A.S.)
We have to multiply first so 1/4*4/9 is 4/36
2/3-4/36
We have to get them both to have the same denominator
What times 3 is 36? 12
So multiply 2*12 and 3*12 you get
24/36-4/36=5/9(simplified)
The first equation is linear:

Divide through by

to get

and notice that the left hand side can be consolidated as a derivative of a product. After doing so, you can integrate both sides and solve for

.
![\dfrac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dx}\left[\dfrac1xy\right]=\sin x](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cdfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%20d%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%20dx%7D%5Cleft%5B%5Cdfrac1xy%5Cright%5D%3D%5Csin%20x)


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The second equation is also linear:

Multiply both sides by

to get

and recall that

, so we can write



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Yet another linear ODE:

Divide through by

, giving


![\dfrac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dx}[\sec x\,y]=\sec^2x](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cdfrac%7B%5Cmathrm%20d%7D%7B%5Cmathrm%20dx%7D%5B%5Csec%20x%5C%2Cy%5D%3D%5Csec%5E2x)



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In case the steps where we multiply or divide through by a certain factor weren't clear enough, those steps follow from the procedure for finding an integrating factor. We start with the linear equation

then rewrite it as

The integrating factor is a function

such that

which requires that

This is a separable ODE, so solving for

we have



and so on.