So, I'm assuming by dysfunctional relationships you mean relationships between people that are not functional. Feel free to correct me if this isn't the case.
The the most basic idea of the ideal/functional relationship would probably be mutual emotional support, resonation, understanding, sympathy, trust, and honesty between the members, just to name a few. At the very least, each member should be emotionally "there" for the other member(s). Without these basic principals, a relationship risks being dysfunctional.
Arguments that never get resolved, frustration between partners, guilt, the lack of willingness of compromise/have empathy, and feelings of lovelessness in the relationship may follow the lack of stability in a relationship. Some of these feelings can be so overbearing that the members of the relationship feel they need to stay in it for the sake of feeling less guilt than they would.
A dysfunctional relationship – to me, anyways – is one that seems to affect a member or the members more negatively than positively. It's one that leaves issues unresolved and one that makes the members feel worse with their partner(s) than better. The name implies it: a relationship without function.
Hope this helped you out! Feel free to ask any additional questions if you need further clarification. :-)
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