The War of 1812 was caused by the tensions between France and Great Britain due to the French Revolutionary Wars. The consequence was that both France and Great Britain intended to restrict commercial maritime rights from the U.S. with each country. In general, U.S. did not consider this to be fair, as they intended to continue trading with France as they did before any conflict.
The supporters of the war were divided among the Americans geographically. People from New England were against it, while South and West supported it, thinking it would give good reputations for the U.S. abroad.
The war did not threaten US independence, but commercially, the war disfavored them. Native Americans were the ones to considered this a not justified war.
Calhoun had resigned decided Vice Presidency to run for the Senate where he could more effectively defend nullification, Jackson signed into law the Tariff of 1832. This compromise tariff received the support of most northerners and half of the southerners in Congress.
In Philosophy the existence of God is a subject debate.
During Philosophy's history many philosopher talked about that, some said that each human knows the existence o God, others are extremely against the idea of God and had provided proves about it.
The scientists believed in scientific method, proved by science. God's existence cannot be proven neither right or wrong. In that way, most of the philosopher believes in science.