Calcium
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Phosphorus
vitamin C
There is only one measure of "evolutionary success": having more offspring. A "useful" trait gets conserved and propagated by the simple virtue of there being more next-generation individuals carrying it and particular genetic feature "encoding" it. That's all there is to it.
One can view this as genes "wishing" to create phenotypic features that would propagate them (as in "Selfish Gene"), or as competition between individuals, or groups, or populations. But those are all metaphors making it easier to understand the same underlying phenomenon: random change and environmental pressure which makes the carrier more or less successful at reproduction.
You will sometimes hear the term "evolutionary successful species" applied to one that spread out of its original niche, or "evolutionary successful adaptation" for one that spread quickly through population (like us or our lactase persistence mutation), but, again, that's the same thing.
I believe the correct answer is a. mutations.
Both men and women have sex chromosomes. Men usually have one X and one Y chromosome, while women have two X's.
When an egg or sperm is made, it only gets one of the sex chromosomes from the parent. This means that women can only make eggs with an X chromosome. But men can make either X or Y sperm.
During fertilization, the sperm cells race toward the mother-to-be's egg cell. If a sperm with a Y beats all others, then the fetus will be XY. The pregnancy will result in a boy.
However, if a sperm with an X wins the race to the egg, then the fetus will be XX. The parents will have a baby girl.
Nearly everyone's chances are around 50% for having a boy and 50% for having a girl. And yet, we all know families that are all boys or all girls.
Answer: hypothesis is a if then statement for ex
Explanation:ex: if I study for a test then I will ace it