Before comparing and contrasting these layers of Earth, we first define what lithosphere and asthenosphere are.
Lithosphere primarily consists of the outermost layers of the Earth, which are the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle. Simply, the ground you stepped on is part of earth's lithosphere. On the other hand, asthenosphere comprises of hot and partially molten rock just located at the upper portion of the mantle but just below the lithosphere. Both have similarities and differences, which are as follows:
SIMILARITIES:
- Both are the passageways of earthquakes P-waves (Primary waves) just before it reaches the earth's surface.
- Both are made of the same material (Silicon oxide rocks, which are rich in iron and magnesium)
DIFFERENCES:
- Rocks in lithosphere can bend (it deforms, resulting in fault formations), however, rocks in the asthenosphere, not only bend but also flow (plastic in nature).
- Lithosphere has relatively low temperatures compared to asthenosphere.
- Due to its depth, pressure against rocks in asthenosphere is comparatively higher compared to lithosphere.
Answer:
Explanation:
Resistivity is given by 
where A is cross-sectional area, R is resistance, L is the length and 
is the reistivity. Substituting 0.0625 for R, 3.14 × 10-6 for A and 3.5 m for L then the resistivity is equivalent to
<span> In radioactive decay, an unstable atomic nucleus emits particles or radiation and converts to a different atomic nucleus. If the new nucleus is unstable, it will decay again, until eventually, a stable nucleus is formed. Such a sequence of nuclear decays forms a decay series.
The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time required for half of the atoms of a radioactive isotope to decay. If you have, say, 1 million atoms of a specific isotope in a sample, the time required for 500,000 of those atoms to decay is the half-life of that specific isotope. If you have 50 atoms of that isotope, 25 atoms will decay in the same amount of time.
Because the half-life is fixed for a specific isotope, it can be used to date objects. You compare the decay rate of an old object with the decay rate of a fresh sample. Nuclear decay is a first-order process and can be described by a specific mathematical equation, which depends on the decay rate and the half-life. Knowing those values, you can work back and determine the age of an object, as compared with a standard sample. Old objects will not have as much of a radioactive isotope in them as new objects, since the isotopes will have decayed over time in the old object.</span>
The answer is : <span> Ca2+ & </span><span> Br.
Na2 would not give away 2 electrons.
Cl would not give away any electron
Ne- & Ne+ are noble gases, so, they do not give up or take electrons.</span>
Answer: Please see answer in explanation column.
Explanation:
Given that
v≈(331 + 0.60T)m/s
where Temperature, T = 14°C
v≈(331 + 0.60 x 14)m/s
v =331+ 8.4 = 339.4m/s
In our solvings, note that
f= frequency
λ=wavelength
L = length
v= speed of sound
a) Length of the pipe is calculated using the fundamental frequency formulae that
f=v/2L
Length = v/ 2f
= 339.4m/s/ 2 x 494Hz ( s^-1)= 0.3435m
b) wavelength of the fundamental standing wave in the pipe
L = nλ/2,
λ = 2L/ n
λ( wavelength )= 2 x 0.3435/ 1
= 0.687m
c) frequency of the fundamental standing wave in the pipe
F = v/ λ
= 339.4m/s/0.687m=
494.03s^-1 = 494 Hz
d) the frequency in the traveling sound wave produced in the outside air.
This is the same as the frequency in the open organ pipe = 494Hz
e)The wavelength of the travelling sound wave produced in the outside air is the same as the wavelength calculated in b above = 0.687m
f) To play D above middle c . the distance is given by
L =v/ 2 f
= 343/ 2 x 294
=0.583m
