Answer:
Hunter syndrome is a very rare, inherited genetic disorder caused by a missing or malfunctioning enzyme. In Hunter syndrome, the body doesn't have enough of the enzyme iduronate 2-sulfatase.
The sickle form of the hemoglobin gene is created when an adenine nucleotide is changed to a thymine. ... That single amino acid replacement in the -globin protein alters the shape and the chemistry of the hemoglobin molecule, causing it to polymerize and distort the red blood cell into the sickle shape.
Maybe biosphere and geosphere?