Saturated fatty acids are different to unsaturated fatty acids because they have no C=C double bonds.
<h3>What are the differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?</h3>
- Saturated fatty acids do not have C=C double bonds, while in unsaturated fatty acids there is at least one C=C double bond in the fatty acid chain.
- Saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature and are derived from animal sources, whereas unsaturated fats are usually liquid at room temperature and are from plant sources.
- One must reduce the amount of saturated fat in their diet and consume more unsaturated fats like olives, seeds and nuts.
- Unsaturated fats can be monounsaturated (contains only C=C double bond) or polyunsaturated (contains two or more C=C double bonds).
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Answer:
Chloroplast absorbs sunlight and it is used to make feed for the plant together with water and carbon dioxide gas. Chloroplasts are used to generate the free energy stored in ATP and NADPH via a photosynthesis process.
Explanation:
The site of photosynthesis action is chloroplast within a plant cell consisting of two chlorophyll molecules (PS1 and PS2), which have been embedded in the thylakoid membranes. The chloroplast consists of two chlorophyll molecules (photosynthetic pigments responsible for the green color of chloroplast). Each chlorophyll molecule absorbs light, caused to depart the chlorophyll molecules. This absorbs two electrons from each phenotype. PS2 electrons pass through the transportation chain for electron carriers, a series of redox reactions that release the energy used to synthesize ATP via Photophosphorylation/Chemiosmose (as the H+ ions diffuse through the stalked particles ATP, which changes the shape and catalysts, the electrochemical gradient diffuses down through the stalky particle ATP synthase).
Then these electrons replace the electrons lost in PS1. PS2 electron is replaced by photolysis electron, which when light strikes chloroplast, splitting the water into oxygen gas, H+ ions, and electron enzymes in the thylakoid space are catalyzed. The PS1 electrons combine to create NADPH with H+ ions and NADP (reduced NADP). These are the light-dependent photosynthetic reactions in chloroplasts. In the light-independent reactions, the NADPH and ATP are created. A pile of thylakoids is known as granum.
The light-independent processes take happen in the stroma. This is the site of carbon fixation; CO2 reacts with RUBP to generate GP (glycerate-3-phosphate) which is catalyzed by the enzyme RUBISCO (the most abundant enzyme in the world) (the most abundant enzyme in the world). The NADPH and ATP from the light-dependent processes convert GP to GALP (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate). Two out of every 12 GALP molecules produced are used to synthesize glucose that can be employed either in breathing or in cellulose-forming condensation polymerization to add extra strength to the planted cell wall. The other GALP molecules are returned to RUBP.
Lthough much of the explanation for why certain substances mix and form
solutions and why others do not is beyond the scope of this class, we
can get a glimpse at why solutions form by taking a look at the
process by which ethanol, C2H5OH, dissolves in
water. Ethanol is actually miscible in water, which means that the two
liquids can be mixed in any proportion without any limit to their
solubility. Much of what we now know about the tendency of particles
to become more dispersed can be used to understand this kind of change
as well.
Picture a layer of ethanol being carefully added to the top of some water (Figure below).
Because the particles of a liquid are moving constantly, some of the
ethanol particles at the boundary between the two liquids will
immediately move into the water, and some of the water molecules will
move into the ethanol. In this process, water-water and
ethanol-ethanol attractions are broken and ethanol-water attractions
are formed. Because both the ethanol and the water are molecular
substances with O−H bonds, the attractions broken between water
molecules and the attractions broken between ethanol molecules are
hydrogen bonds. The attractions that form between the ethanol and
water molecules are also hydrogen bonds (Figure below). There you go
Gastroileal reflex is triggered by food in the stomach, relaxes the ileocecal valve, and allows residue into the cecum.
The gastroileal reflex is triggered by the presence of food in the stomach as well as gastric peristalsis.
Gastroileal reflex brings about peristalsis in the ileum as well as the opening of the ileocecal valve, which in turn facilitates the emptying of the ileal constituents into the large intestine or colon.
The gastroileal reflex is one among the three extrinsic reflexes of the gastrointestinal tract. The other two include the gastrocolic reflex as well as the enterogastric reflex.
This type of gastrointestinal reflex is moderated by the vagus nerve and gastrin.
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