Decomposers, like fungus.
Answer: Stratigraphy and Biostratigraphy
Relative dating is a method of determination of age, in which one object or organism is compared with the other object or organism found in the heap of strata. It is a method for determining the relative order of the past events, without stating the absolute age.
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology that studies the relative position of the sediments and rocks in the strata with respect to the geological timescale. Biostratigraphy is the branch of stratigraphy which deals with the relative aging of fossils with respect to the strata in which these are found defining a particular period of geological time scale.
This condition is known as a super oxide in which mutated enzyme extremely functional because it helps in production of cells .
when unstable molecules that contains oxygen and that easily react with other molecules in the cells. a build up of reactive oxygen species and cells causes damage of DNA ,RNA & protein ,which cause cell death.
super oxide refers various toxic oxygen containing free radicals such as monovalant anion O2 (negative) or that compound containing potassium super oxide KO2. reactive oxygen can cause damage to the basic building block of the cell. DNA damage can occur in the form of double stranded breaks as a result of reactive oxygen induced conversion of guanine to 8-oxo guanine.
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Mitochondria and chloroplasts have striking similarities to bacteria cells. They have their own DNA, which is separate from the DNA found in the nucleus of the cell. And both organelles use their DNA to produce many proteins and enzymes required for their function. A double membrane surrounds both mitochondria and chloroplasts, further evidence that each was ingested by a primitive host. The two organelles also reproduce like bacteria, replicating their own DNA and directing their own division.
Example of habitat degredation
