Answer:
Active transport necessary for the sodium-potassium pump to work because It allows sodium and potassium to move against their concentration gradient.
Explanation:
The transport of sodium ions outside the cell and potassium ions inside the cells is called active transport that requires the ATP hydrolysis. ATP provides the energy required for this procedure. This sodium-Potassium pump works to move the ions against their concentration gradient to keep the sodium concentration low inside the cells and potassium concentration high inside the cells.
Food-service equipment should be carefully cleaned and sanitized, in order to prevent foodborne illnesses. Cleaning is the process of removing traces of food from surfaces while sanitizing is the process of removing microorganisms from surfaces. In general, food-contact equipment should be cleaned and sanitized after each use of the equipment. However, when the food-contact equipment is in constant use, it should be cleaned and sanitized every four hours.
Answer: Osmosis
Explanation:
"Water makes up a large percentage of the body's cells. For a cell to remain in homeostasis, there must be a mechanism to control water changes in the cells. The movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration is osmosis." Source, Quizlet. https://quizlet.com/350562884/cell-homeostasis-flash-cards/
I am pretty sure that the side of a mountain range that faces the wind often receives more<span> precipitation </span><span>than the downwind side of the same range.</span>
Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
