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tankabanditka [31]
3 years ago
13

Ti-6Al-4V has a fracture toughness of 74.6 MPa-m0.5. How much stress (in MPa) would it take to fail a plate loaded in tension th

at has a center-crack with a length of 10 mm (Assume plane strain conditions and f-1)? Would this stress change if the plate were made thinner? How? 0.5 20 Cl

Engineering
1 answer:
Nikitich [7]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

critical stress  = 595 MPa

Explanation:

given data

fracture toughness =  74.6 MPa-\sqrt{m}

crack length = 10 mm

f = 1

solution

we know crack length = 10 mm  

and crack length = 2a as given in figure attach

so 2a = 10

a = 5 mm

and now we get here with the help of plane strain condition , critical stress is express as

critical stress  = \frac{k}{f\sqrt{\pi a}}    ......................1

put here value and we get

critical stress  = \frac{74.6}{1\sqrt{\pi 5\times 10^{-3}}}

critical stress  = 595 MPa

so here stress is change by plane strain condition because when plate become thinner than condition change by plane strain to plain stress.

plain stress condition occur in thin body where stress through thickness not vary by the thinner section.

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A piston-cylinder device contains 0.1 m3 of liquid water and 0.9 m² of water vapor in equilibrium at 800 kPa. Heat is transferre
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Answer:

Initial temperature = 170. 414 °C

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Diagram  = see picture.

Explanation:

We can consider this system as a close system, because there is not information about any output or input of water, so the mass in the system is constant.  

The information tells us that the system is in equilibrium with two phases: liquid and steam. When a system is a two phases region (equilibrium) the temperature and pressure keep constant until the change is completed (either condensation or evaporation). Since we know that we are in a two-phase region and we know the pressure of the system, we can check the thermodynamics tables to know the temperature, because there is a unique temperature in which with this pressure (800 kPa) the system can be in two-phases region (reach the equilibrium condition).  

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to calculate the total mass of the system, we need to estimate the mass of steam and liquid water and add them. To get these values we use the specific volume for both, liquid and steam for the initial condition. We can get them from the thermodynamics tables.

For the condition of 800 kPa and 170.414 °C using the thermodynamics tables we get:

Vg (Specific Volume of Saturated Steam) = 0.240328 m^3/kg

Vf (Specific Volume of Saturated Liquid) = 0.00111479 m^3/kg

if you divide the volume of liquid and steam provided in the statement by the specific volume of saturated liquid and steam, we can obtain the value of mass of vapor and liquid in the system.

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If we keep the pressure constant increasing the temperature the system will experience a phase-change (see the diagram) going from two-phase region to superheated steam. When we check for properties for the condition of P= 800 kPa and T= 350°C we see that is in the region of superheated steam, so we don’t have liquid water in this condition.  

If we want to get the final volume of the water (steam) in the system, we need to get the specific volume for this condition from the thermodynamics tables.  

Specific Volume of Superheated Steam at 800 kPa and 350°C = 0.354411 m^3/kg

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If we multiply the mass of the system by the specific volume in the final condition, we can get the final volume for the system.  

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You can the P-v diagram for this system in the picture.  

For the initial condition you can calculate the quality of the steam (measure of the proportion of steam on the mixture) to see how far the point is from for the condition on all the mix is steam. Is a value between 0 and 1, where 0 is saturated liquid and 1 is saturated steam.  

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Since this a low value we can say that we are very close the saturated liquid point in the diagram.  

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Read 2 more answers
Use Routh's stability criterion to determine how many roots with positive real parts the following equations have:
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Answer:

a) no roots not in LHP

b) 2 roots not in LHP

c) 2 roots not in the LHP

d) 2 roots not in the LHP

e) 2 roots not in LHP

Explanation:

a) s^4 + 8s^3 + 32s^2 + 80s + 100 = 0\\\\s^4:\:\:\:1\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:32\:\:\:\:\:\:100\\s^3:\:\:\:8\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:80\\s^2:\:\:\:22\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:100\\s^1:\:\:\:80-\frac{800}{22} =43.6\\s^0:\:\:\:100

No roots not in the LHP

b) s^5 + 10s^4 + 30s^3 + 80s^2+344s + 480 =0 \\\\s^5:\:\:\:1\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:30\:\:\:\:\:\:344\\s^4:\:\:\:10\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:80\:\:\:\:\:\:480\\s^3:\:\:\:22\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:296\\s^2:\:\:\:-545\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:480\\s^1:\:\:\:490\\s^0:\:\:\:480

2 roots not in the LHP

c) s^4 + 2s^3 + 7s^2 -2s + 8 = 0 \\\\s^4:\:\:\:1\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:7\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:8\\s^3:\:\:\:2\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:-2\\s^2:\:\:\:8\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:8\\s^1:\:\:\:-4\\s^0:\:\:\:8

There are roots in the RHP (not all coefficients are greater than 0).

2 roots not in the LHP

d) s^4 + 2s^3 + 7s^2 -2s + 8 = 0 \\\\s^3:\:\:\:1\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:20\\s^2:\:\:\:1\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:78\\s^1:\:\:\:-58\\s^0:\:\:\:78

There are two sign changes in the first column of the Routh array.

2 roots not in the LHP

e) s^4 + 2s^3 + 7s^2 -2s + 8 = 0 \\\\s^4:\:\:\:1\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:6\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:25\\s^3:\:\:\:4\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:12\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\: new \:\:row \\s^2:\:\:\:3\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:25\\s^1:\:\:\:12-\frac{100}{3}=-21.3 \\s^0:\:\:\:25

2 roots not in LHP

check:

 a (s) = 0  ⇒

 s^2 = -3 \limits^+_- 4j = 5e^{j(\pi \limits^+_- 0.92)}\\\\s = \sqrt5 e^{j( \frac{\pi}{2} \limits^+_-  0.46)+n\pi j},\:\:\:\:\: n= 0, 1\\

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3 years ago
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