Answer:
Homology
Explanation:
Homology refers to the presence of similar or shared body structures, body parts, gene sequences, proteins, etc. among various lineages. It represents divergent evolution of these lineages from a common ancestor.
Presence of various similar structures in human and salamander reflects the fact that these two species have shared a common ancestor during their evolution. The shared ancestry between human and salamander led to the presence of various homologous body parts and identical gene sequences in them.
The identification of an individual by the means of genetic engineering is possible because the Y chromosomes in the males does not experience any crossing-over as there is only a single Y chromosome present in a human male.
The mitochondrial DNA is passed from the mother to child in the cytoplasm of the cell, and it is passed on without any changes. The X chromosome is can be passed from a mother to her son as he will receive Y chromosome from his father.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Option B - The Y chromosome does not experience crossing over'.
<span> B. lichens and mosses, fir and birch, small herbs and shrubs, pine and spruce</span>
