Question

What specific part of the brain processes nerve impulses from touch and pain receptors?

Answer 1

TOuch and pain are controlled by different regions of the brain, so I gonna treat these terms separately:

PAIN: one thing seems certain: there is no single "pain centre" whose only activity could account for all facets of pain. In other words, no lobotomy of any particular region of the brain completely removes the pain. So there are many regions that are responsible for pain: The reticular formation and the thalamus (specifically the Deep lemniscal territory) which is responsible for both touch and pain sensations

TOUCH: touch sensation are processed by parietal lobe in the brain cortex (which is also responsible for sight and hearing), and the deep lemniscal territory in the thalamus.