Regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, and digestive functions are carried out by the <u>autonomic nervous system</u>
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What is autonomic nervous system?
The peripheral nervous system's autonomic nervous system (ANS), originally known as the vegetative nervous system (VNS), provides smooth muscle and glands, which in turn affects how internal organs work. The autonomic nervous system is a control system that regulates body processes like the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, and urination mainly subconsciously. The fundamental mechanism in charge of the fight-or-flight response is this system.
Through the brainstem, the spinal cord, and the organs, integrated reflexes control the autonomic nervous system. Control of respiration, cardiac regulation (the cardiac control center), vasomotor activity (the vasomotor center), and other reflex acts including coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting are all examples of autonomic functions.
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1. Structure such as the human tailbone or appendix that evolution has reduced in size because it is no longer used = d. vestigial structure
2. study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species:
= g. comparative anatomy
3. structure that is similar in related organisms because it was inherited from a common ancestor: = c. homologous structure
4. study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species: study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species = j. comparative embryology
5. scientist who finds and studies fossils to learn about evolution and understand the past:
= i. paleontologist
6. mistaken idea of jean baptiste lamarck that evolution occurs through the inheritance of traits that an organism develops in its own lifetime: = h. inheritance of acquired characteristics
7. process by which a single species evolves into many new species to fill available niches:
= e. adaptive radiation
8. relative ability of an organism to survive and produce fertile offspring: = k. fitness
9. structure that is similar in unrelated organisms because it evolved to do the same job, not because it was inherited from a common ancestor: = f. analogous structure
10. study of how and why plants and animals live where they do: = a. biogeography
11. process in which organisms evolve traits useful to humans because people select which individuals are allowed to reproduce and pass on their genes to successive generations:
= b. artificial selection
Red blood cells do not have a nucleus.
It does not consist of a cell membrane or a cytoplasm.
It simply only transports oxygen around the body.
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