Answer:
Carbon Cycle: the series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment, involving the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere through respiration, the decay of dead organisms, and the burning of fossil fuels.
Explanation:
the characteristics applies to all three domains and viruses by the genetic material.
Elephants have multiple copies of the p53 genes that play an important role in the control of cell division.
<h3>What is the role of p53 genes in elephants?</h3>
P53 is an important regulator of the DNA repair processes and controls uncontrolled cell proliferation. When DNA is harmed, the protein becomes active and aids in orchestrating a response that stops DNA replication and fixes any incorrect copies of the cell. The oncogene MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase, another protein, is responsible for deactivating the p53 repair activity in duplicated cells with intact DNA since it is not required.
A human with only two alleles from a single gene has much fewer molecular anti-cancer interactions than an elephant, which has 40 alleles, or versions, from its twenty p53 genes. Although the elephant may appear to have excessive genetic diversity, each of its 40 alleles is structurally slightly different.
I understand the question you are looking for is this:
Compared to humans, elephants have a dramatically low instance of cancer. Elephants have multiple copies of the _____ genes that play an important role in the control of cell division.
Learn more about p53 genes here:
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The normal membrane potential inside the axon of nerve cells is –70mV, and since this potential can change in nerve cells it is called the resting potential. When a stimulus is applied a brief reversal of the membrane potential, lasting about a millisecond, occurs. This brief reversal is called the action potential
<span>A stimulus can cause the membrane potential to change a little. The voltage-gated ion channels can detect this change, and when the potential reaches –30mV the sodium channels open for 0.5ms. The causes sodium ions to rush in, making the inside of the cell more positive. This phase is referred to as a depolarisation since the normal voltage polarity (negative inside) is reversed (becomes positive inside). </span>
<span>Repolarisation. At a certain point, the depolarisation of the membrane causes the sodium channels to close. As a result the potassium channels open for 0.5ms, causing potassium ions to rush out, making the inside more negative again. Since this restores the original polarity, it is called repolarisation. As the polarity becomes restored, there is a slight ‘overshoot’ in the movement of potassium ions (called hyperpolarisation). The resting membrane potential is restored by the Na+K+ATPase pump.</span>
