I think it is carbohydrate metabolism
The answer is A, friction.
Friction is the force that resists movement, and that's why oil is used as a lubricant and why ball bearings are used for machines that need to move with very little friction(i.e. bike wheels, roller skates, fidget spinners)
Answer B is too vague
C will probably reduce efficiency greatly, but not specifically in a way that turns work into thermal energy.
D is the same as C, except that it places the blame on the person using the machine, not the machine itself.
Hope I helped clear it up for you :)
The answer that seems like would best fit this graph would be "(4)Years"
The timeline of human evolution outlines the major events in the evolutionary lineage of the modern human species, Homo sapiens, throughout the history of life, beginning some 4 billion years ago down to recent evolution within H. sapiens during and since the Last Glacial Period.