Associativity means
(A+B)+C=A+(B+C)=A+B+C
Substitute A=9, B=8, C=32 to apply to this problem.
Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:
Given the equation:

To find:
The solutions of given equation in the range [0, 2
) i.e. 0 can be in the answer but
can not be there in the answer.
Solution:
Taking
common, we get:

The solutions can be given as:
OR 
Let us solve both the equations one by one:
First equation:

Second equation:

Therefore, the answers as a comma separated list are:

The answer was "Probability-based inference", you got apex too?