The correct answer is A. Slavery must not be allowed to spread to western territories. The Free-Soil Party was a political party in the United States from 1848 to 1852. The main opposition was the expansion of slavery on western territories. The Free-Soil Party believed that free men on free land were a superior system comparing it to slavery, because of the economical opportunities and possibilities. This political party was founded in New York after they denied the endorsement of the Wilmot Proviso law during the Democratic convention in that state; this act would have banned slavery on the newly acquired territory during the Mexican-American war.
The main problem that caused separation within the Democratic Party was the fact that during the New York Democratic convention of 1848, the Wilmot Proviso act was not endorsed. This act would ban slavery in territory acquired by the United States from México after the war. For the dislike of many members of a group called Barnburners –which was the name of two opposing ideas in the New York Democratic Party. The main idea separating both groups was slavery and those who opposed it. The Barnburners were the anti-slavery and the Hunkers were those who approved of slavery.
Though this political party had a short life, its impact in the political scenario was bigger. For one, they presented the American people with two Senators and fourteen Representatives on the 31st Congress from 1849-1851. They also ran with the banner ¨Free soil, free speech, free labor and free men.¨ These were the inspirations of the Free-Soil Party, and its main goal was to prevent the spread of slavery onto western territories.
The executive power has grown thanks to the social perception of international crisis. Additionally, this has caused the three branches of public power to weaken.
The central theme of the text is the transformation that the central executive power of the United States has had, influenced by different factors such as:
- Indochina War
- Watergate case
These events have caused the presidency of the United States to acquire more power to make decisions. One of the important aspects of this transformation is international politics because the influence of the international crisis made the executive branch grow in importance.
This deepened an internal crisis between the balance of powers, because the executive branch acquired more power in foreign affairs and this situation is being projected onto the national scene of the United States.
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In the last years presidential primacy, so indispensable to the political order, has turned into presidential supremacy. The constitutional Presidency—as events so apparently disparate as the Indochina War and the Watergate affair showed, has become the imperial Presidency and threatens to be the revolutionary Presidency. . . . The imperial Presidency was essentially the creation of foreign policy. A combination of doctrines and emotions—belief in the permanent and universal crisis, fear of communism, faith in the duty and right of the United States to intervene swiftly in every part of the world—had brought about the unprecedented centralization of decisions. Prolonged war in Vietnam strengthened the tendencies toward both centralization and exclusion. So the imperial Presidency grew at the expense of the constitutional order. Like the cowbird, it hatched its own eggs and pushed the others out of the nest. And, as it overwhelmed the traditional separation of powers in foreign affairs, it began to aspire toward an equivalent centralization of power in the domestic polity.
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The correct answer to this question is D. This is because A, implies that the Declaration of Independece guarantees the individual rights, but it briefly mentions some of this freedoms, such as those of life, liberty and the pursuit of hapiness in order to argue the reaons why the decision of the States to declare themselves independent from the British Crown, so it does not really explain these rights.
Regarding B, the bill of rights, that is, the first 10 Ammendments of the Constitution, does not deal with the reasons for revolution, as this body of ammendments is the result of the evolution of the society, its needs and demands: they were created along the time, as a result of a process, so they are not entirely linked to the reasons for the revolution.
And finally, C probably best describes the Constitution, which is the one that creates the Government as it certainly outlines its structure as we see it today, and in any case replaces the Declaration of Independence which doesn´t really deal with the creation of the Government.
As a conclusion, the Declaration of Independence is the political statement which sets the will of the new nation, whereas the Constitution, as the result of this initial statement, creates the Government, that at the same time, recognizes the individual rights as an expression of the Declaration and is adopted by the Constitution to guarantee the enforceability of these Rights.
