The President is the head of state and also a diplomat and the top administrator. He cannot, however, justify cases brought to the Supreme Court. That job would go to the Chief Justice, who currently is John Roberts (as of 2015).
An influx of people meant the risk of overcrowding, which in turn meant that cities often didn’t have enough space to accommodate everyone. People living in close quarters without proper hygiene + newly or poorly developed sanitation systems = disease.
Direct solar power and coal oil produce are some of the best energy producers on Earth