<span>For the first one I would say that the water cycle would be affected because there would be more water in the ground. The roots of the trees soak up the water and keep excellent drainage under the ground. Without trees this mechanism would be all sorts of messed up. Another way it could be affected would be the perspiration from the trees. This might change the humidity of the area.</span>
It's <span>meiotic prophase I.</span><span>
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What a great way to see how bacteria exposed to Martian-like conditions will survive. By testing how well these bacteria do in the stratosphere we can gain insight into several things. 1) the likelihood that any bacteria still survives on Mars 2) how well bacteria introduced to Mars could survive and if there are existential risks to doing so and 3) how bacteria introduced to harsh conditions react more broadly, even on earth.
Air. Primary is composed of abiotic factors
The scientific method always begins with asking a question