The law of the United States comprises many levels[1] of codified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States. The Constitution sets out the boundaries of federal law, which consists of acts of Congress,[2] treaties ratified by the Senate,[3]regulations promulgated by the executive branch,[4] and case law originating from the federal judiciary.[5] The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of general and permanent federal statutory law.
Federal law and treaties, so long as they are in accordance with the Constitution, preempt conflicting state and territorial laws in the 50 U.S. states and in the territories.[6] However, the scope of federal preemption is limited because the scope of federal power is not universal. In the dual-sovereign[7] system of American federalism (actually tripartite[8]because of the presence of Indian reservations), states are the plenarysovereigns, each with their own constitution, while the federal sovereign possesses only the limited supreme authority enumerated in the Constitution.[9] Indeed, states may grant their citizens broader rights than the federal Constitution as long as they do not infringe on any federal constitutional rights.Thus, most U.S. law (especially the actual "living law" of contract, tort, property, criminal, and family law experienced by the majority of citizens on a day-to-day basis) consists primarily of state law, which can and does vary greatly from one state to the next.
At both the federal and state levels, with the exception of the state of Louisiana, the law of the United States is largely derived from the common law system of English law, which was in force at the time of the American Revolutionary War.] However, American law has diverged greatly from its English ancestor both in terms of substance and procedure, and has incorporated a number of civil law innovations.
Answer:
Hilbert´s Hotel (by David Hilbert)
Explanation:
Imagine you are a foreign tourist that has just arrived to a town. In that town theres the<u> Hilbert´s Hotel</u>, internationally recognized for being the only hotel with <em>infinite rooms</em>. When you arrive to the lobby, you ask the manager to give you a room:
- Manager: "Im terribly sorry, but an infinite group of people has just arrived and all the rooms are full"
- You: "How is that possible? I thought you had infinite rooms
- Manager: "Indeed, but they are now full"
- You: "But that´s impossible... if there are infinite rooms they can´t all be full. I know there´s a way for me to get a room"
What would you do? You really need that room to spend the night...
NOTES: All the rooms are listed from one to infinity and only 1 person is able to stay per room.
SOLUTION
- You: "Look friend, all you have to do is tell the infinite group to move up one room, so the person staying the room 1 will move to the 2, the 2 to 3, the 3 to 4 and so on to infinity and i can take the room number 1. That way all the tourists, including me, would have a room."
EXTENSION OF THE PROBLEM
What would you do if two infinite groups of tourist´s arrives? How would you place them in the Hilbert hotel?
(hint: pair numbers are also infinite)
Significance of the problem
This particular problem is very interesting to me because it forces me to think out of the box something not only amusing but necessary to sort out day to day events.
Auguste Comte (1798–1857), widely considered the “father of sociology,” became interested in studying society because of the changes that took place as a result of the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution. During the French Revolution, which began in 1789, France's class system changed dramatically.
